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Computes the cosine similarity between y_true & y_pred.

Source: R/losses.R
loss_cosine_similarity.Rd

Formula:

loss <- -sum(l2_norm(y_true) * l2_norm(y_pred))

Note that it is a number between -1 and 1. When it is a negative number between -1 and 0, 0 indicates orthogonality and values closer to -1 indicate greater similarity. This makes it usable as a loss function in a setting where you try to maximize the proximity between predictions and targets. If either y_true or y_pred is a zero vector, cosine similarity will be 0 regardless of the proximity between predictions and targets.

Usage

loss_cosine_similarity(
  y_true,
  y_pred,
  axis = -1L,
  ...,
  reduction = "sum_over_batch_size",
  name = "cosine_similarity"
)

Arguments

y_true

Tensor of true targets.

y_pred

Tensor of predicted targets.

axis

The axis along which the cosine similarity is computed (the features axis). Defaults to -1.

...

For forward/backward compatability.

reduction

Type of reduction to apply to the loss. In almost all cases this should be "sum_over_batch_size". Supported options are "sum", "sum_over_batch_size" or NULL.

name

Optional name for the loss instance.

Value

Cosine similarity tensor.

Examples

y_true <- rbind(c(0., 1.), c(1., 1.), c(1., 1.))
y_pred <- rbind(c(1., 0.), c(1., 1.), c(-1., -1.))
loss <- loss_cosine_similarity(y_true, y_pred, axis=-1)
loss

## tf.Tensor([-0. -1.  1.], shape=(3), dtype=float64)

See also

Other losses:
Loss()
loss_binary_crossentropy()
loss_binary_focal_crossentropy()
loss_categorical_crossentropy()
loss_categorical_focal_crossentropy()
loss_categorical_hinge()
loss_ctc()
loss_dice()
loss_hinge()
loss_huber()
loss_kl_divergence()
loss_log_cosh()
loss_mean_absolute_error()
loss_mean_absolute_percentage_error()
loss_mean_squared_error()
loss_mean_squared_logarithmic_error()
loss_poisson()
loss_sparse_categorical_crossentropy()
loss_squared_hinge()
loss_tversky()
metric_binary_crossentropy()
metric_binary_focal_crossentropy()
metric_categorical_crossentropy()
metric_categorical_focal_crossentropy()
metric_categorical_hinge()
metric_hinge()
metric_huber()
metric_kl_divergence()
metric_log_cosh()
metric_mean_absolute_error()
metric_mean_absolute_percentage_error()
metric_mean_squared_error()
metric_mean_squared_logarithmic_error()
metric_poisson()
metric_sparse_categorical_crossentropy()
metric_squared_hinge()