Computesg(X) = X @ X.T where X is lower-triangular, positive-diagonal matrix

Note: the upper-triangular part of X is ignored (whether or not its zero).

tfb_cholesky_outer_product(
  validate_args = FALSE,
  name = "cholesky_outer_product"
)

Arguments

validate_args	Logical, default FALSE. Whether to validate input with asserts. If validate_args is FALSE, and the inputs are invalid, correct behavior is not guaranteed.
name	name prefixed to Ops created by this class.

Value

a bijector instance.

Details

The surjectivity of g as a map from the set of n x n positive-diagonal lower-triangular matrices to the set of SPD matrices follows immediately from executing the Cholesky factorization algorithm on an SPD matrix A to produce a positive-diagonal lower-triangular matrix L such that A = L @ L.T.

To prove the injectivity of g, suppose that L_1 and L_2 are lower-triangular with positive diagonals and satisfy A = L_1 @ L_1.T = L_2 @ L_2.T. Then inv(L_1) @ A @ inv(L_1).T = [inv(L_1) @ L_2] @ [inv(L_1) @ L_2].T = I. Setting L_3 := inv(L_1) @ L_2, that L_3 is a positive-diagonal lower-triangular matrix follows from inv(L_1) being positive-diagonal lower-triangular (which follows from the diagonal of a triangular matrix being its spectrum), and that the product of two positive-diagonal lower-triangular matrices is another positive-diagonal lower-triangular matrix. A simple inductive argument (proceeding one column of L_3 at a time) shows that, if I = L_3 @ L_3.T, with L_3 being lower-triangular with positive- diagonal, then L_3 = I. Thus, L_1 = L_2, proving injectivity of g.

See also

For usage examples see tfb_forward(), tfb_inverse(), tfb_inverse_log_det_jacobian().

Other bijectors: tfb_absolute_value(), tfb_affine_linear_operator(), tfb_affine_scalar(), tfb_affine(), tfb_ascending(), tfb_batch_normalization(), tfb_blockwise(), tfb_chain(), tfb_cholesky_to_inv_cholesky(), tfb_correlation_cholesky(), tfb_cumsum(), tfb_discrete_cosine_transform(), tfb_expm1(), tfb_exp(), tfb_ffjord(), tfb_fill_scale_tri_l(), tfb_fill_triangular(), tfb_glow(), tfb_gompertz_cdf(), tfb_gumbel_cdf(), tfb_gumbel(), tfb_identity(), tfb_inline(), tfb_invert(), tfb_iterated_sigmoid_centered(), tfb_kumaraswamy_cdf(), tfb_kumaraswamy(), tfb_lambert_w_tail(), tfb_masked_autoregressive_default_template(), tfb_masked_autoregressive_flow(), tfb_masked_dense(), tfb_matrix_inverse_tri_l(), tfb_matvec_lu(), tfb_normal_cdf(), tfb_ordered(), tfb_pad(), tfb_permute(), tfb_power_transform(), tfb_rational_quadratic_spline(), tfb_rayleigh_cdf(), tfb_real_nvp_default_template(), tfb_real_nvp(), tfb_reciprocal(), tfb_reshape(), tfb_scale_matvec_diag(), tfb_scale_matvec_linear_operator(), tfb_scale_matvec_lu(), tfb_scale_matvec_tri_l(), tfb_scale_tri_l(), tfb_scale(), tfb_shifted_gompertz_cdf(), tfb_shift(), tfb_sigmoid(), tfb_sinh_arcsinh(), tfb_sinh(), tfb_softmax_centered(), tfb_softplus(), tfb_softsign(), tfb_split(), tfb_square(), tfb_tanh(), tfb_transform_diagonal(), tfb_transpose(), tfb_weibull_cdf(), tfb_weibull()